ProWorkflow - Project Management Software

Todays busy world, you have to keep track of everything you do. This is an important issue when you are running a small scale ,medium scale business or any other type of business. It will save your time one taking decisions and fore seeing what is coming in the future.

ProWorkflow is a break through software solution which will provide you with facilities to keep track of all the business processors running though the company. You could see whether everything is going with in the allocated time frame in allocated order. If not you could make changes as necessary.

Another important thing that can be done with this software is to track the profits, losses of the company so you can easily take necessary important changes to the company.

How to detect lies

Following video shows how lies are detected. since i am interested in lies today, i decided to post this video. It's a cool video. The basis, of most of such detection is to find the abnormalities with pulse rate when you lie.

But modern techniques can use brain imagery to decide whether a person is lying or not. For example when some one retrieves something from the memory and then tell it, the areas of the brain involved in the process is different from the areas involved in creating a whole new incident. So if you monitor the brain activity during the interview, you could see that when the person is lying one area is activated, while another area is activated when the person is telling the truth.

Dating Services

Dating services were there from ancient times in everywhere in the world. Now it has spread to the internet. There are hundreds, if not thousands of such services in the internet. But how do you know whether this is the right service to reply on to take one of the most important decisions of your life.

primedatingsites.com is a site which has list of dating sites you can find online. internet personals sites are listed and reviewed, so that you can find the best one for you. It has a very simple design as well as very easy to navigate structure.

By using this site you can compare different dating sites. For example Perfect Match with eHarmony.com. Going from one site to site and finding out whether it is good or not can take lot of time. That is called leaning by experience, which is rather a primitive way of learning according to some specialists. But getting some tips from some one who has already being there would make your life lot easier.

So if you want to find out your possible match in a easy way, with out going out and wasting all your valuable time, then this is the perfect way. You could easily find some one with out even leaving your office premises. Is not that a really coool way. I bet it is.

What is a lie

Lets see some definitions.

"A lie is an untruthful statement made to someone else with the intention to deceive. To lie is to say something one believes to be false with the intention that it be taken for the truth by someone else. A liar is a person who is known to have a tendency to tell lies."

Anyways there was not any intention of any sort to deceive any one though. At the time of the statement, the fact was true. If someone go back in time and see that person would know that it was true.

Beauty an Evolutionary advantage!?

I certainly believe the fact that beauty has a great evolutionary advantage in a society of humans. There are variety of cosmetic surgeries available to make you beautiful and confident about your self.



Are you worried about the look of your eyes. Does it look tired or unhappy sometimes. Well you wouldn't want lot of people noticing any of it when you want to impress them, isn't it. Now the researchers have found that Cosmetic surgery on eyelids or the brow area do not only help patients look younger but can also make them appear less tired, angry or sad.

According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons most of the patients who undergo this type of surgery is between the age of 45 to 54. That's quite understandable since most of the middle aged people would want to look younger as they get older with time.

There are two types of eye related cosmetic surgeries. But these have marked differences. both eyelid surgery and brow lifts are very popular these days, but according to Dr Robert V Mandraccia here is the difference. Following is a quote from his own words.

"If you have wrinkles or furrows in the forehead region, but have relatively few signs of ageing on the lower half of your face, then a brow lift is a cosmetic surgery option to consider"

Not only these cosmetic eye related surgeries, Body reshaping surgeries like Tummy Tuck are becoming popular.

hey i was not lying!

If u have come in search of that site which Drew was talking about (http://www.benspark.com/i-have-pr7-blog-exchange-links.html), then this is for you!.

ok i'm that guy who didn't like him calling a lier to! Well first i should say sorry about this. But here's the story.

Recently i saw an advertisement on a website selling this particular domain. And this site then had a google page rank of 4. Then after sometime when i checked this site, it had a google page rank of 7. It was still available to buy at that time, so i didn't hesitated in buying the site. Finally i bought it for few hundred dollors.

At the time i sent that first quoted text, it had a pr of 7.

Now lets see the theory (i found this information after doing some research on this topic after i lost the pr). There are people who buy expiring domains with a googlepage rank intact and then sell it for a low price. But the truth is that when a domain get expired, google will automatically remove all it's backlinks and also the pr after sometime. So even if you have bought a website that was expired recently with lots and lots of back links, you will end up having nothing after all. But if those sites that has being linking to the expired site remains linked, that particular domain will get a pr after the next google tool bar page rank update.

There is another issue called word cloud websites with a fake pr. As i told earlier, after buying the expired domain some people do a server side forward of that domain to another high pr site. So when google bot go and try to index the site, it sees a different site. So google bot will automatically assign all the backlinks associated with the second domain to the first domain. So when the next google pagerank comes, the first domain get a great pagerank. I think it is one of the set backs of google pagerank.

So from experience here's some advice when you are trying to buy a domain.

1. Check whether the domain has expired recently. This can be easily done by going through the whois record.

2. If the site has a high google page rank, then goto google cache of that website and see whether the urls in the cache matches the url of the domain that you are going to buy.

From the information i know now these methods can work as a pretty good estimators of the quality of the pr value.

of the people who commented on that initial post had said that you can easily check the validity of the page rank by google page rank tool bar. It is a misleading thought. Because the word cloud sites that i have been talking about actually shows a pr in the google tool bar.

If you don't believe what i say, i suggest you go through the same path as i did and see what happens. If you can not accept it by that time, then it's alright.

How can we avoid debt!!

Debt is a monster. Yeah no doubt about that. I have seen people who has gone down so low in their lives because of not being able to corp up with their debt.

We'll see what really make people get into debt and then to serious consequences of it. To be honest i have not being into debt thanks to my great parents. But what makes you get into debt is over estimating your financial capabilities or thinking high about the future prospects that isn't there. Another major reason is not planing out things well and misjudgments in financial decision making. Even if you have planned things well and you have judged things to perfection, there might be very unlucky situations where you loose something unexpectedly.

When you get into debt or if you are in debt then you shouldn't panic. There are various ways in which you can get out of it. IVA is a cool way of getting rid of all your debt. Or may be part of it. Follow the link and you will get a good understanding of what it is all about. According to cleardebt.co.uk when you fill out the individual voluntary arrangement application, on average you can get 70% of your debt cleared off. Wonderful isn't it.

I guess now you can be brave and goto the limits of financial decision making!

Chess

Chess or "chathurang" is a fascinating sport which is believed to be originated in india. In ancient india, the king had four armies. "Chathurang" means four. So chess in ancient india has represented a war. Of cause a war of two minds.

Chess is one of the most popular and also one of the most valuable games on the earth today. The price for world chess championship matches almost the highest paid for any sport in the world.

This sport has literature written for it than any other sport on earth. Chess is a work of art more than an ordinary sport. It is not all about logic, it's all about the passion, the way you decide to win the game.

Skate Shoes

If you are looking for DC skate shoes, then www.buyskateshoes.com is the best shop to get what you need at an affordable cost. If you want to put in some decent skate shoes then this is the place for you.

Hey, it's not just skate boarding after all. It all about passion for this sport and of cause the style. Style certainly matters in this type of a sport. Any ways, where is the fun, if there is no style at all.

In this shop you can find lot of other related accessories as well. The site is self has a catchy design with easy navigation. I guess you guys gonna love shopping on this store for a while.

How a car engine works

Talking about cars. I have found a great video which demonstrate how exactly a car engine works. It is a great 3d animation. Bravo to the makers.

My first Experience with loans

This is my very first experience with loans. Since there were lot of people to advice me, the process went smoothly. Actually it was to buy my first car. It was one of my dreams to buy a car at that time. Though our family had a vehicle, i wanted my own. If it was not for that loan i wouldn't have got the dream come true so fast.

credit loans are hard to get specially if you are not employed. There are lot of formalities, like documents to prove your salary and that kind of stuff. But some how i was able to get my loan from a finance company with some help from my father.

After all the first experience was not bad at all. Ohh most importantly you have to check the terms under which the loan is given. For example whether the interest will be reduced if we pay back the loan quicker and that kind of stuff.

New way of having good health

I do not really know whether this could be considered as a new way of curing. The main reason is, that this is a teaching by lord Buddha before about 2500 years ago.

The world health organization definition for health is, mental, physical and social well being of an individual, and not merely being with out illness. According to the teachings of Buddhism "mitree" can cure people, it can even save you from various hazards. But one thing i have to mention is that these things are only side effects of "mitree". The main aim of a person who tried to give "mitree" to others it to attain the enlightenments of life like lord buddha.

You might be wondering what this "mitree" is. Well it is a very simple thing. "mitree" is to always wish good for others, and whole heartedly be happy at happiness of other people. For example if some one is in need of something, if you can provide that need with out thinking twice about the profits and losses and if that help is done whole heartedly. Then that is what you call "mitree".

In the next few posts we'll see how this can relate to health.

North Face jackets

Are you looking for North Face jackets. I just found a cool website that sell North Face jackets. I was wondering how i could get some decent quality North Face jacket for a low cost. I think i just found it.

Ok the website is www.breckgear.com. Well the site it self has a very cool design and well laid out structure. All the products are categorized in to different categories of relevance, so your life will be easier.

There is a variety of jacket types to choose from with a range of colors. I bet you will love to wear one of these next winter or may be when you are on your next skateboarding vacation.

Mountain Sickness

Following is a cool video on mountain sickness. When a person is not acclimatized to a certain hight above the sea level. If you are someone who go on hiking on mountain ranges that is higher than 3000m above see level, then you should have certainly had some of the symptoms of mountain sickness.

Loans! is it the right choice for me?

Well i don't really know. It depends on the situation each and everyone is faced with. But inflation seems to have affected most of us! So buying your dream car or putting up your wedding in grand style can be a dream after all.

What! no way! you can not just give it up like that. There is one solution that can get you out of all these problems associated with inflation and bring back that smiling, joyful smile of yours. Getting the right loan that matches your needs will certainly ease up most of the weight easily, whether it is for a Homeowner Loan or may be for that long awaited wedding. Almost every one in the modern, complicated society need loans. So if you are applying for a loan, that doesn't in anyway mean that your financial status is really bad. Well you can take it as a way of being smarter than other people who does not apply. Cool isn't it!

A new research from Alliance & Leicester has found out that budget shortfall for an average wedding would reach 22% of the original predicted value in normal circumstances. So now people have to be careful with each and every step they make, so that they will not over run with the cost of the wedding. That is really a notable situation as most people would want to untie the boundaries or any bindings at a special occasion like a wedding.

The enlightened one!

Lord Buddha has been given the norm, the enlightened one because lord Buddha attained the knowledge about the reality of the universe. Lord Buddha has been the greatest teacher of all time. Loard Buddha has tought many meditation techniques.

"Anapanasathi" is a meditation technique lord used to attain the status of Buddha. "Anapanasathi" is a "pali" term. The meaning is "keep the mind on inspiration and expiration". Though this seems a very easy thing to do, when you try to do it your self, you will understand how hard it is. There are few reasons why this is a hard thing to do.


As i have noted in some of my previous posts, respiration has both automatic and voluntary control. In this meditation technique, you need to observe the automatic respiration, with out falling in to voluntary respiration. This becomes harder since, when we observe the automatic respiration, there is a greater chance that you will end up inspiring and expiring voluntarily.

I have been trying to get this technique right for some time now. But it requires lot of commitment as well as lot of concentration. But i hope i will get it right in the future.

How to select your web hosting provider?

There are some important factors you should first consider before selecting where you are going to host your website. These are some questions you should ask from your self before selecting the hosting provider. After you get these questions sorted out you can search, search and search for a match. But there are easier ways!

1. What is the maximum amount of space you will need to host your website. You should also consider the possible needs of the website in the future.

2. The amount of bandwidth you need for the website. If you have lot of large files that will be downloaded by the the users, then your hosting provider should allow you to use a large bandwidth. This is an important factor, because if the bandwidth limit exceeds the the allocated bandwidth, your users will not be able to access the site after that point of the month.

3. Then the types of software installed and the version of those software installed. For example if your website uses php5 platform and the web hosting provider only provide php4 platform then your web application might not work properly or you will have to make major changes to your coding.

webhostinginformation.net is a website providing all the webhosting information and tips you need to get started with your website. This website also contain lots upcoming news on new technologies and trends. One of the coolest gadgets i noticed in this website is the web hosting search tool, which enable you to select your needs and then search for the hosting provider. So if you visit this site you could find what you exactly need in just a matter of few clicks.

Can we hold the breath and die??

Hey! isn't this a cool idea. I bet you can try this out with out any problem. Scientifically you will not die for sure.

As i said earlier, human respiration is controlled both automatically as well as Voluntarily. In normal conditions we can voluntarily over ride the automatic control of respiration. So in that sense we can also hold the breath for some time voluntarily.

But when we do it for more, there are certain changes take place in the body that will override the voluntary control and transfer the control again to automatic system. Wonderful isn't it. Lets see what are the changes that take place and how they will inhibit the voluntary control.

When the lungs are not ventilated, the partial pressure of CO2 inside alveoli of lung increases. At the same tine partial pressure of O2 in the alveoli decrease. As a result partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood decreases below normal levels and partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood increases. The normal partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood is around 95mmHg. The normal partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood is around 40mmHg.

There are chemoreceptors located in the aorta called aortic bodies and chemoreceptors in the carotid bifurcation call carotid bodies which can measure the partial pressure of O2 and Hydrogen ion concentration of blood passing through these bodies. In simple terms there are biological sensors to detect the partial pressure of O2 and hydrogen ion concentration. When O2 level goes down to a certain level below normal or when hydrogen ion concentration increase higher than normal, these sensors can send impulses to the central nervous system.

The last point at which we can hold the breath is termed as the breaking point. But there are lot of factors that can influence the time you can hold the breath. One of them is an initial exposure to 100% oxygen. This will increase the alveolar O2 partial pressure initially so it will compensate for time for the lack of O2. This will increase the time you can hold your breath for about 10 - 20 seconds. Another easy way of increasing the time is to hyperventilate voluntarily at the beginning. It is found out that the physic factors also play a part. For example people do well when they are told that they are doing well.

So next time you go for a holding breath competition, don't forget to get some good breaths in before the competition starts.

Burton Snowboards and Skateboards

So are you planing to go on snowboarding or skateboarding. Well, first you need to get some information and some good gears. www.modernskate.com is an online shop providing information as well as the gear for your skateboarding needs.

You can find all the gear you need from Burton Snowboards, skateboarding gears to even footwear, eyewear and even other protective gears.

The website contains various information DVDs on the events of skateboarding and skating as well as the history. And it is a great guide which shows the locations where you can get the maximum fun and enjoyment. So if you are new to the field, you can visit modernskate.com and get the feel of it.

Cystic Fibrosis in Canada

Following is a video documentary by the Canadian Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. This video explains what i described in an earlier post. Every 1 Canadian out of 25 has this condition. This video shows the dark side of the life of a cystic fibrosis patient. I can remember one comment by one patient.

"if i'm gonna live for 10 years, i want it to be a happy 10 years"

CCFF has helped and funded lot of CF research. It is due to the funding by CCFF that the gene for CF has found. Let's hope that there will be a cure for this fatal disease in the future.

Bad Credit Offers

Well the topic says it all isn't it. But there is more than what you think. As you already know there are lots of companies providing various bad credit offers. But you can not just choose any one of them. You should be able to choose the right company that can facilitate your needs. And probably get you out of the black list.

BadCreditOffers.com is a Free Consumer Resource center containing all the information you need to know about bad credit offers. There is a directory of bad credit offer companies in this center, so you can choose the right one for you.

The number of people with bad credit are growing day by day. So don't think you are the only person in this world with bad credit. In the hectic life style of modern world, it is a natural thing. If you want a bad credit loans just check out the link and you will find lots of credit offers that may or may not match your need. You just have to select the right one that suites your needs.

Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder which is found on approximately one in every 22 Caucasians. This is a result of a gene mutation on the long arm of chromosome 7. People affected by this condition produces a mucous with high viscosity and tenacity. So when this type of mucous is secreted to the airways of the lungs, air ways get blocked. And also the probability of getting an infection increases as the microorganisms can easily occupy the think mucous. The mechanisms that are there to remove mucous are not evolved to remove heavy mucous like what we see in this condition. So microorganisms can accumulate in the air ways and cause infections.



Mutated gene is a gene coding for a trans membrane chloride channel. So with the defect of this channel chloride ions can not move out of the epithelial cells. So since the amount of ions secreted is low, the amount of water that will be secreted will also be low. So the mucous will contain low concentration of water yielding a high density mucous.

MagnaLight By Larson Electronics

Going out Hunting? or may be Camping? or on a boat tripe? In any case your safety has to be the first priority. If you are planing to expand your exploration opportunities by exploring in dark caves or may be at night, there is something that you can not mis.

That is a good set of flash lights. MagnaLight is a company proving all sorts of flash light solutions for almost all situations. Be it for military needs or may be for a party in the back yard, they have everything you need. boat lights can be easily mounted on your boat and you can find new horizons in dark waters.

By visiting magnalight.com you can browse different categories of flash lights and select the desired one for you. The website has a very simple design, but that enables you to find things faster and may be efficiently. You can order the products online through this secure website in just few clicks.

So if you are a person with lot of love for adventure, then you will certainly like these products. Most people who like adventure has a great commitment to save the nature as well. So in case you are concerned about the environmental problems associated, Magnalight has gone green to save the environment with High Intensity Discharge or HID Flash lights.

Ondine's curse

Mechanical respiration is a vital process for life. Control of respiration is done automatically as well as voluntary. Even if we are not thinking of respiration, our autonomic nervous system and the related centers can automatically control the respiratory muscles so that the respiratory drive is working to ventilate the alveolar air spaces.

Ondine's curse is a condition where medulla oblangata in the brain stem is compressed. All the vital centers for respiration control is located in this area of the brain. So automatic control over the respiration process is impaired. Only way to keep the lung ventilated is to voluntarily move the thoracic cage so the respiration occur. But what will happen if we forget to breath!!

Yeah that's what happened to the lover of ondine, in one of the German legends. This disease hence it's name from that legend. Ondine was a water nymph. She had a mortal lover. But the nymph king was against this and he put a spell / curse on the mortal lover, so his automatic control of respiration was impaired. Initially he could remember to breath and survive. But with time he got extremely exhausted and eventually he died of hypoventilation.

Highest permanent human habitation

Have you ever thought what is the highest human habitation. Even though people have traveled to the highest point on earth, that is mount everest and other high altitude geographical locations on earth, it is impossible to live long durations above the altitude of 6000m. There are places in Tibet and Nepal where people used to take their animals and camp on above that altitude in the summer and then go back to lower altitude at winer. That can not be taken as a permanent habitation as they only occupy the that high altitude place for few months of the year. There's also some military facilities located all time of the year above this altitude, but the personals which live there, are rotated with in one year or the conditions at the facility are finely controlled for proper human habitation. So it deviate from natural conditions. There are also records of travelers who have survived for few years above the altitude of 6000m. But there is a doubt whether we can consider it as a human habitation.

La Rinconada town in Peru is the highest recorded large human habitation. It has been there for more than 70 years. It is located 5100m above sea level with more than 7000 people. But this town is also a mining town. So there is an economic factor which has contributed for the formation of this town.


Above is a very scenic picture from la Rinconada Peru.

Health Hazards of cell phone usage

There's lot of research going through out the world about the health effects of cell phone usage. The most pronounced studies have been on the effect of cellphone usage to the brain. Other studies have been done on the effect of sperm count and the cell phone usage as well.

Cell phones use microwave radiation to transmit signals from the handset to the receiving tower. Microwaves have the ability to increase the kinetic energy of molecules that has a dipolar moment. This eventually causes dielectric heating effect. This effect has been attributed to the effect on the brain by the cell phones. But it is found out that the areas which has a higher vasculature, thus have a very good heat dissipation system would not get affected, because the heat generated will be effectively dissipated.

The areas like cornea which has a very low vasculature can get affected easily by the influence of cell phones. It has been found that cell phone use is one of the major causes for premature cataract.

A study published in the fertility and sterility journal 2008 January edition gives conclusive evidence on the effect of mobile phone usage and sperm count. According to this research, male who use mobile phones more than 4 hours have a very low sperm count and low quality sperms compared to that of light mobile phone users. They have also suggested that the cell phone usage is directly proportional to the decrease of sperm count.

Why should people Sleep??

have you ever though that sleeping is a waste of time? Well lot of research have been done to find exactly that. But the exact mechanism of how sleeping can help us is not known. It is found out that there are lot of anabolic processes taking place when we sleep.

Growth hormone secretion comes to peak when we are sleeping. We work and use up our energy resources. At night these energy resources are replenished, so we can work again the next day. Work in the sense include our brain functions also. Our brain require lot of energy to process various thought processes. It is found out that during sleep, muscle repairing also take place.

So what will happen if we do not get a proper sleep? I think everyone has experienced some sort of effect of not getting proper sleep. We would not be able to concentrate well in the classes or in any other daily activities. Our accuracy of calculations go down rapidly. People get frustrated easily and may be they get angry more often. This is a result of not being able to keep up with the normal speed and accuracy of things you do.

With sleeping comes dreaming. It is said that dreaming is a way of organizing the event that took place at the day time. May be it is a phase where our brain tries to clarify things and comes to a state of stableness.

CO poisoning

Carbon monoxide poisoning is the highest by any gas. CO is produced by the incomplete combustion of Cordon compounds like gasoline. Coal electric power plants, Gasoline engines and other carbon compound combustion procedures produce lot of CO. But with the increasing use of natural gases has reduced the release of CO to biosphere. But unfortunately lot of newly industrializing countries are using lot of coal energy thus leasing lumps of CO to atmosphere.

CO can bind with Hemoglobin, the O2 transport protein in blood with 210 fold more affinity than that of Oxygen. So even at low concentrations CO can easily replace O2 that is bound to hemoglobin. In normal conditions, very small fractions of CO is produced in the body. There are very small percentage of CO in atmosphere as well. But due to the very low concentration there is no effect in normal conditions. But if the atmospheric concentration increases even small amounts from the normal level, it becomes lethal.

When CO is bound to Hemoglobin, since the affinity of Hb to CO is very high, the normal concentrations of O2 can not replace CO. So the O2 carrying capacity of Blood decreases. This results in hypoxic anemia. If someone has exposed to excessive CO, then the person should immediately moved to a place with fresh air. 100% O2 can be administered to remove some part of CO that is bound to Hb. Hyperbaric O2 can also be administered so the CO bound to Hb will be removed rapidly and more easily.

Symptoms of O2 Toxicity

Last post was an introduction to O2 toxicity. Lets see what are the symptoms you get when you are affected by O2 toxicity. Initially the respiratory tract would get irritated. As a result there will a sub sternal distress. Apart from that nasal congestion, sore throat, and coughing is common.

O2 toxicity of Central nervous system

- Dizziness
- Nausea
- twitching on face
- convulsions ( involuntary contraction of muscles of limbs, producing a contortion of body. This can result in drowning in diving)

Pulmonary O2 Toxicity

- bronchopulmonary displagia in infants
- adult respiratory distress syndrome

O2 Toxicity

As we all know Oxygen is an essential gas element for the survival of humans. Percentage of O2 in in atmosphere is 20%. Total atmospheric pressure at sea level is 760mmHg. So the O2 partial pressure is around 150mmHg.

But what will happen if the O2 concentration is too high. The health condition related to too much of oxygen is termed as Oxygen Toxicity.


The exact mechanism of how Oxygen toxicity occurs is not known. But increased O2 levels is known to cause damage to cellular structures by producing free radicals. Free radicals are species with one or more unpaired electrons. They can readily react with vital cellular structures and damage them. Specially the cell membrane lipids. This can lead to cell destruction, thus impairing their functions.

The graph above shown what are the levels of O2 that is safe for humans. The most common condition in which O2 toxicity occur is deep sea divers. When they go deep, the total pressure of gases in the diving gear increase. As a result, O2 partial pressure also increase. When this partial pressure comes to the unsafe region shown in the graph it results in O2 toxicity.

Life in high altitudes

This is a very important issue to people who go on hiking in very high altitudes like Himalayan range. The main health concern associated with it is the breathing difficulties. For each 150m you climb from the sea level, there is a drop of 1c in temperature. Not just the temperature, but also the density of atmosphere also drop. The atmosphere is a result of the gravitational pull of the earth. When we higher from the sea level, the gravitation pull decreases so, the amount of air molecules that earth's gravitation can hold also decrease. As a result, partial pressures of all the gases in the atmosphere decreases with the altitude. But the percentage composition remains the same.

As you can see in the graph, the temperature has a direct relationship with the altitude in the troposphere. Following graph show the pressure change with in the increase of altitude. Highest point on earth, which is mount everest has an elevation of about 8.5km from the sea level. so up to that level there is a direct relationship of altitude and the pressure.




When total pressure of gases decrease O2 partial pressure also decrease. As a result, the the air pressure inside alveoli of lungs also decrease. There should be at least the minimum of amount of partial pressure of atmospheric O2 in order to saturate Hemoglobin on blood, so O2 mount will be sufficient for the basic body functions. If this minimal level of O2 partial pressure is not in the atmosphere, then O2 partial pressure should be increased artificially. Unless the person will damage vital organs like brain and eventually die.

Alcoholism

Have you ever called some one alcoholic. Alcohol problems associated with people can be categorized into few categories. Each category have a level of severity to it. But each level has the tendency of converting it self to the next level.

American journal of medicine gives the following definition for alcoholism,

"a primary, chronic disease characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking."

Alcohol dependence is the most severe condition where the person can not get out of taking alcohol even after few attempts to do so. This few attempts is very important, in order to classify the condition as alcohol dependency

Binge drinking can be considered as the lowest level of alcohol problems. This can be seen with lots of young people. Specially college and university students. This is not a severe condition, but it can be a initiating step for being an alcohol dependent patient. Students who is in this category are generally have low class attendance rates and low marks in the academic work. There is also a very strong genetic factors involved in one person becoming an alcohol dependent patient.

Other type of alcohol problem is alcohol abuse. The condition is as not as severe as alcohol dependency. But the people with this condition have social problems, problems with the academic work and many other problems including family problems. Despite them of being aware of the fact that their drinking habit has bad effects on their life, they continue to drink.

Electromagnetic Pollution

Electromagnetic Pollution or EM pollution is becoming a great threat to the human civilization with the development of science and technology. Yet is has been left unnoticed by most governments and societies. The fore type of electromagnetic pollution effect to humans comes from cell phones and the broadcasting towers. It is found out that the microwaves from cell phones and receiving towers has a direct effect on humans.

Following is a video introduction to the subject of electromagnetic pollution. Now it it time for governments all around the world to think about this seriously and take action.

Hospital Acquired Infections

It is said that one of every ten patients hospitalized in USA get affected by a hospital acquired disease. In the patients perspective, it certainly prolong the hospital stay of the patient. If you look at the big picture, it is a great financial burden on the country's economy. For example in USA, annual economic burden estimated due to hospital acquired infections is 6.7 billion us dollars.

Following are some of the causes of hospital acquired infections.

• Among 6,290 pediatric ICU patients surveyed between 1992 and 1997, the incidence of nosocomial invasive bacterial and fungal infections were as follows.
• • Bloodstream infections - 28%
  • Ventilator-associated pneumonia - 21%
  • Urinary tract infection (UTI) - 15%
  • Lower respiratory infection - 12%
  • Gastrointestinal, skin, soft tissue, and cardiovascular infections - 10%
  • Surgical-site infections - 7%
  • Ear, nose, and throat infections - 7%
  
  
• Nosocomial etiologies in bloodstream infections
• • Coagulase-negative staphylococci - 40%
  • Enterococci - 11.2%
  • Fungi - 9.65%
  • Staphylococcus aureus - 9.3%
  • Enterobacter species - 6.2%
  • Pseudomonads - 4.9%
  • Acinetobacter baumannii with substantial antimicrobial resistance - Reported with increasing frequency
• Nosocomial etiologies in UTI
• • Gram-negative enterics - 50%
  • Fungi - 25%
  • Enterococci - 10%
  
  
• Nosocomial etiologies in surgical-site infections
• • S aureus - 20%
  • Pseudomonads - 16%
  • Coagulase-negative staphylococci - 15%
  • Enterococci, fungi, Enterobacter species, and Escherichia coli - Less than 10% each
  
  
• Nosocomial etiologies in fever
• • Viral infections are most common causes of nosocomial fevers.
  • Phlebitis is the second most common cause of nosocomial fevers in the hospitalized child.
  • Clostridium difficile colitis is also a cause of nonsocomial fevers.

Hospital setup is a different environment than a house hold environment. People with different kind of diseases come to this environment every day. As a result many infective agents accumulate with in this environment. It can be spread within the hospital through hospital staff, air or maybe water supply.


There are strict instructions given to hospital staff in order to prevent spread of infections within the hospital. But some staff members tend to neglect these instructions undermining the consequences of such action.

I can remember one episode of House MD showed how bad this can be in terms of the perspective of the patients. In that particular episode, the formite or the inanimate object acting as the disease carrier was the tie of one of the doctors. Fortunately the hospital administration was able to find the cause, so the spreading was prevented.

I think there should be more concern over this aspect of the spreading of illness. If we can put a stop to hostpital acquired disease or at least minimize the effect, it could make a big difference to the country's economy as well as patient's health

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